23, 24 Therefore, BMI and WC are commonly recommended as measures of obesity. As an alternative, waist circumference (WC) has been used to evaluate abdominal obesity 16–22 because it is known to be highly correlated with visceral fat and is easy to measure. 11–15 However, BMI alone is not appropriate for distinguishing between body fat and muscle. The body mass index (BMI) has been considered as a useful index for assessing obesity 8–10 and is known to be causally associated with hypertension, which can be reduced by weight loss. Hypertension and PP are major predictors of myocardial infarction, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases. 1–7 PP is the difference between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Obesity has been attracting much attention because it is known to be associated with high blood pressure (BP) and pulse pressure (PP).
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